Usefulness of Stabilizer for Microanastomoses of Internal Thoracic Vessels during DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction

The Use of Proximal and Distal Ends of Internal Mammary Arteries and Veins as the Recipient Vessels for Combined Breast and Chest Wall Reconstruction with Free Bipedicled TRAM or DIEP Flap

Unilateral Internal Mammary Recipient Vessels for Bilateral DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction

The deep inferior epigastric perforator flap has become increasingly popular for breast reconstruction with the most common recipient vessels being the internal mammary artery and vein. In certain cases, however, these recipient vessels are inadequate due to an absent or diminutive vein. Moreover, patients at high risk for future coronary artery disease may sacrifice the best conduit for corona...

Safety and Efficacy of Endoluminal Vasodilators on the Prevention of Vasospasm in Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Prospective Controlled Study

The anastomosis of the inferior epigastric pedicle (IEP) with the internal mammary vessels is commonly performed in deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction.1 However, the dissection of internal mammary vessels may cause a spasm of the artery.2,3 The vasospasm of the internal mammary artery (IMA) or IEP decreases the blood flow, exposing patients to vascular thrombo...

Four-flap Breast Reconstruction: Bilateral Stacked DIEP and PAP Flaps

BACKGROUND In cases of bilateral breast reconstruction when the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) free flap alone does not provide sufficient volume for body-specific reconstruction, stacking each DIEP flap with a second free flap will deliver added volume and maintain a purely autologous reconstruction. Stacking the profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap with the DIEP flap offers favor...

CASE REPORT The Use of Both Antegrade and Retrograde Internal Mammary Vessels in a Folded, Stacked Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap

OBJECTIVE Deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is an excellent option for breast reconstruction in young and active patients who have a history of chest wall radiation. One drawback, however, is that the entire capacity of abdominal pannus cannot be reliably transferred on a single pedicle. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate a method of maximizing the volume of ...